Health Equity and Social Justice

Articles & Resources

Alcaraz, K. I., & Yanez, B. R. (2022). Interventions to promote health equity: Implications for implementation science in behavioral medicine. Translational behavioral medicine12(9), 885-888.

American Medical Association (AMA).  AMA Center for Health Equity. (Link)

American Medical Colleges. (2021) Advancing Health Equity: Guide on Language, Narrative and Concepts. (Link)

Avant, D. W. (2022). When Privilege and Oppression Become “Real” in the Life of Emerging Social Workers. Journal of Teaching in Social Work42(1), 1-14.

Bailey, Z., Krieger, N. (2017). Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: Evidence and interventions. Lancet, 389:1453–1463.

Barnes, M. (2016). Impact of service-learning on leadership and an interest in social justice.  Journal of Nursing Education, 55(1), 24–30.

Beard, K., I. U. Iruka, D. Laraque-Arena, V. McBride Murry, L. J. Rodríguez, and S. Taylor. (2022). Dismantling Systemic Racism and Advancing Health Equity throughout Research. NAM Perspectives. Commentary, National Academy of Medicine, Washington, DC.

Bennett, C, Hamilton, EK, & Rochani, H. (2019). Exploring race in nursing: Teaching nursing  students about racial inequality using the historical lens. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 24(2).

Berger, J. T., & Miller, D. R. (2021). Health disparities, systemic racism, and failures of cultural competence. The American Journal of Bioethics21(9), 4-10.

Bhatt, J., & Bathija, P. (2018). Ensuring access to quality health care in vulnerable communities.  Academic Medicine93(9), 1271.

Bourgois, P., Holmes, S., Sue, K. & Quesada, J. (2017). Structural vulnerability: Operationalizing the concept to address health disparities in clinical care. Acad Med., 92(3), 299-307.

Braveman, P., Arkin, E., Orleans, T., Proctor, D., & Plough A. (2017). What is health equity? And what difference does a definition make? Princeton, NJ: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

Braveman, P. (2022). Defining health equity. Journal of the National Medical Association.

Blumenfeld, W.J. (2019). The what, the so what, and the now what of social justice education. NY: Peter Lang.

Butler, L. M., Arya, V., Nonyel, N. P., & Moore, T. S. (2021). The Rx-HEART framework to address health equity and racism within pharmacy education. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education85(9), 984-993.

Byrd, J. T., Daniels, C. L., Flores, D. D., Kayle, M., Lewinski, A. A., Smith, J. B., … & Tanabe, P. J. (2022). Establishing a research racial justice task force to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion in nursing research. Nursing outlook70(5), 758-761.

Campinha-Bacote, J. (2024). Promoting Health Equity Among Marginalized and Vulnerable Populations. Nursing Clinics of North America, 59(1), 109-120.

Castillo, E. G., Isom, J., DeBonis, K. L., Jordan, A., Braslow, J. T., & Rohrbaugh, R. (2020). Reconsidering systems-based practice: Advancing structural competency, health equity, and social responsibility in graduate medical education. Academic medicine: journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges95(12), 1817.

Carey, T. S., Bekemeier, B., Campos-Outcalt, D., Koch-Weser, S., Millon-Underwood, S., & Teutsch, S. (2020). National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop: Achieving health equity in preventive services. Annals of Internal Medicine, 172(4), 272-278.

Cary  MP  Jr, Zink  A, Wei  S,  et al.  Mitigating racial and ethnic bias and advancing health equity in clinical algorithms: a scoping review.   Health Aff (Millwood). 2023;42(10):1359-1368. doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00553

Chandler, C. E., Williams, C. R., Turner, M. W., & Shanahan, M. E. (2022). Training public health students in racial justice and health equity: A systematic review. Public Health Reports137(2), 375-385.

Churchwell, K., Elkind, M. S., Benjamin, R. M., Carson, A. P., Chang, E. K., Lawrence, W., … & American Heart Association. (2020). Call to action: structural racism as a fundamental driver of health disparities: A presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation142(24), e454-e468.

Cogburn, C. (2019).  Culture, Race, and Health: Implications for Racial Inequities and Population Health. Milbank Q., 97(3), 736-761.

Conley, S., Al-Saleh, S., & Chlan, L. L. (2023). Disability research must be a priority for nurses to advance health equity. Nursing Outlook, 101986.

Cooke, C. L., Boutain, D. M., Banks, J., & Oakley, L. D. (2022). Health equity knowledge development: A conversation with Black nurse researchers. Nursing inquiry29(1), e12463.

Costanza-Chock, S. (2020).  Design justice. MA: MIT Press.

Curtis, E., Jones, R., Tipene-Leach, D. et al. (2018). Why cultural safety rather than cultural competency is required to achieve health equity: A literature review and recommended definition. Int J Equity Health, 18: 174.

Crear-Perry, J., Maybank, A., Keeys, M., Mitchell, N., & Godbolt, D. (2020). Moving towards anti-racist praxis in medicine. The Lancet396(10249), 451-453.

Dail, R. B., & Santos, H. P. (2022). Advancing diversity, equity, inclusivity and accessibility through methods and approaches in nursing research. Nursing Outlook70(5), 697-699.

DallaPiazza, M., Ayyala, M. S., & Soto-Greene, M. L. (2020). Empowering future physicians to advocate for health equity: A blueprint for a longitudinal thread in undergraduate medical education. Medical Teacher42(7), 806-812.

Daly, K., & Pauly, B. (2022). Nurse Navigation to Address Health Equity: Teaching Nursing Students to Take Action on Social Determinants of Health. Nurse Educator47(1), E5-E6.

DePriest, K., Alexander, K. & Taylor, J. (2020).  Addressing social determinants of health: A nursing imperative to achieve health equity during covid-19 pandemic and beyond. John Hopkins Nursing Magazine (June 11, 2020). (Link)

Effland, K., Hays, K., Ortiz, F., and Blanco, B. (2020). Incorporating an equity agenda into health professions education and training to build a more representative workforce. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 65(1), 149-159.

Effland, K. and Hays, K. (2019). Beyond cultural competence: Equity and social justice in midwifery education. Midwifery Matters, 5(2), 11-17.

Epstein, W. N. (2022). The health equity mandate. Journal of Law and the Biosciences9(1), lsab030.

Fairman, J.  A.  (2019).  “Service is the rent we pay”:  The complexity of nurses’ claims of their place in social justice movements.  Nursing History Review, 28, 16–30.

Fisher, E. S. (2020). Cultural humility as a form of social justice: Promising practices for global school psychology training. School Psychology International41(1), 53-66.

Fleming, E., Frantsve-Hawley, J., & Minter-Jordan, M. (2022). Health Equity Needs Teeth. AMA Journal of Ethics24(1), 48-56.

Gamer, S. (2022). Building Nurse Upstanders for Health Equity. Journal of Nursing Education, 61(7), 417-420.

Guilamo-Ramos, V., Johnson, C., Thimm-Kaiser, M., & Benzekri, A. (2023). Nurse-led approaches to address social determinants of health and advance health equity: A new framework and its implications. Nursing Outlook, 101996.

Habibzadeh, H., Jasemi, M. & Hosseinzadegan, F. (2021). Social justice in health system; A neglected component of academic nursing education: a qualitative study. BMC Nurs 2016 (2021). 1

Harley, D. and Cartwright, B. (2017). Marginalized Racial and Ethnic Adults with Disabilities in Rural Communities: The Role of Cultural Competence and Social Justice. Disability and Vocational Rehabilitation in Rural Settings. pp 151-168.

Harley, D. and Cartwright, B. (2018). “Marginalized Racial and Ethnic Adults with Disabilities in Rural Communities: The Role of Cultural Competence and Social Justice.” In: Harley D., Ysasi N., Bishop M., Fleming A. (eds) Disability and Vocational Rehabilitation in Rural Settings. Springer, Cham.

Heitkemper, E. & Thurman, W. (2022). Social Justice: A Critical Approach for the Future. Nursing Outlook, 70(3), 374-376.

Hellman, A. N., Cass, C., Cathey, H., Smith, S. L., & Hurley, S. (2018). Understanding poverty: Teaching social justice in undergraduate nursing education. Journal of Forensic Nursing14(1), 11–17.

Henry, T. L., Britz, J. B., Louis, J. S., Bruno, R., Oronce, C. I. A., Georgeson, A., … & Huffstetler, A. N. (2022). Health equity: the only path forward for primary care. The Annals of Family Medicine20(2), 175-178.

Hernandez, E. M. (2022). Centering equity in health care. JAMA pediatrics, 176(1):9–10.

Ibrahim, H, et al. (2021). Health data poverty: An assailable barrier to equitable digital health care. The Lancet, Digital health, 3(4), e260-e265.

Jackson, D., Commodore-Mensah, Y., Dale, C. M., Logsdon, M. C.,  Morin, K., Noyes, J., & Yu, D. (2021). International Nurses Day 2021: A vision for increased social justice in future healthcare. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27(8), e13-e-15.

James, A., Carrier, J & Watkins, D. (2021). Nursing must respond for social justice in this ‘perfect storm.’ Journal of Advanced Nursing, 78(10), e-36-e-37.

Jensen, N., Kelly, A. H., & Avendano, M. (2022). Health equity and health system strengthening–Time for a WHO re-think. Global Public Health17(3), 377-390.

Johnston, K. J., Chin, M. H., & Pollack, H. A. (2022). Health Equity for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. JAMA.

Johanson, L., Urso, P. P., Bemker, M. A., & Sullivan, D. (2024). A Cultural Humility Approach to Inclusive and Equitable Nursing Care. Nursing Clinics of North America, 59(1),97-108).

Johnson, C., Rastetter, M., & Olayiwola, J. N. (2022). Pathways to equity: A pilot study implementing a health equity leadership curriculum in residency education as an antidote to systemic racism. Journal of the National Medical Association.

Kanagasingam, D., Norman, M., & Hurd, L. (2022). ‘It’s not just to treat everybody the same: A social justice framework for caring for larger patients in healthcare practice.  Sociology of Health & Illness.

Krishnan, A., Rabinowitz, M., Ziminsky, A., Scott, S. M., & Chretien, K. C. (2019). Addressing race, culture, and structural inequality in medical education: A guide for revising teaching cases.  Academic Medicine94(4), 550-555.

LaVeist, T. A., Pérez-Stable, E. J., Richard, P., Anderson, A., Isaac, L. A., Santiago, R., … & Gaskin, D. J. (2023). The economic burden of racial, ethnic, and educational health inequities in the US. JAMA329(19), 1682-1692.

LeBlanc, R. G. (2017). Digital story telling in social justice nursing education. Public Health Nursing, 34(4), 395–400.

Lee, H., Kim, D., Lee, S., & Fawcett, J. (2020). The concepts of health inequality, disparities and equity in the era of population health. Applied Nursing Research56, 151367.

Lennon, N. H., Carmichael, A. E., & Qualters, J. R. (2022). Health equity guiding frameworks and indices in injury: A review of the literature. Journal of safety research.

Lett, E., Adekunle, D., McMurray, P., Asabor, E. N., Irie, W., Simon, M. A., … & McLemore, M. R. (2022). Health Equity Tourism: Ravaging the Justice Landscape. Journal of medical systems46(3), 1-6.

Lewis, C. L., Yan, A., Williams, M. Y., Apen, L. V., Crawford, C. L., Morse, L., … & Beatty, D. (2023). Health equity: A concept analysis. Nursing Outlook71(5), 102032.

Liburd, L. C., Hall, J. E., Mpofu, J. J., Williams, S. M., Bouye, K., & Penman-Aguilar, A. (2020). Addressing health equity in public health practice: Frameworks, promising strategies, and measurement considerations. Annual Review of Public Health41, 417-432.

Lynch, J. (2020). Health equity, social policy, and promoting recovery from COVID-19. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law45(6), 983-995.

Matwick, A. L., & Woodgate, R. L. (2017). Social justice: A concept analysis. Public Health Nursing, 34(2), 176–184.

Maybank, A., De Maio, F., Lemos, D., & Derige, D. N. (2022). Embedding Racial Justice and Advancing Health Equity at the American Medical Association. The American Journal of Medicine.

McGregor, B., Belton, A., Henry, T. L., Wrenn, G., & Holden, K. B. (2019). Improving behavioral health equity through cultural competence training of health care providers.  Ethnicity & disease29(Suppl 2), 359.

McMahon, N. E. (2022). What shapes local health system actors’ thinking and action on social inequalities in health? A meta-ethnography. Social Theory & Health, 1-21.

McMillan Boyles, C., Spoel, P., Montgomery, P., Nonoyama, M., & Montgomery, K. (2023). Representations of clinical practice guidelines and health equity in healthcare literature: An integrative review. Journal of Nursing Scholarship55(2), 506-520.

Mensah, M. et al, (2021). Racism and mental health equity: History repeating itself. Psychiatric Services in Advance, 72(9), 1-4.

Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. (2022). 2021 Health Equity Report. Moving health equity forward. https://www.michigan.gov/mdhhs/-/media/Project/Websites/mdhhs/Keeping-Michigan-Healthy/Chronic-Disease/OEMH/2021_PA653_Health_Equity_Re-port_Full_Report.pdf?rev=242ac51b2a004a05a9196a026c0c1822&hash=4F8BAC05EB5F71CC50A9C15A5A1C547A

Milburn, N. G., Beatty, L., & Lopez, S. A. (2019). Understanding, unpacking, and eliminating health disparities: A prescription for health equity promotion through behavioral and psychological research—An introduction. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology25(1), 1.

Mitra, M., Long-Bellil, L., Moura, I., Miles, A., & Kaye, H. S. (2022). Advancing Health Equity And Reducing Health Disparities For People With Disabilities In The United States: Study examines health equity and health disparities for people with disabilities in the United States. Health Affairs41(10), 1379-1386.

Moreno, F. A., & Chhatwal, J. (2020). Diversity and inclusion in psychiatry: The pursuit of health equity. Focus18(1), 2-7.

Moss, M. & Phillips, J. (2021).  Health equity and nursing: Achieving equity through policy, population health, and interprofessional collaboration. NY: Springer Publishing Company, LLC.

Narang, A. et al. (2021). Utility of deep-learning algorithm to guide novices to acquire echocardiograms for limited diagnostic use. JAMA Cardiology, 6(6), 624=632.

Nardi, D. et al. (2020). Achieving health equity through eradicating structural racism in the United States: A call to action for nursing leadership. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 52(6), 470-480.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2020). Leading health indicators 2030: advancing health, equity, and well-being.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2021). The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. (Link)

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). The root causes of health inequities. Communities in action: Pathways to health equity. Washington (DC): National Academies Press. (Link)

National Collaborative for Health Equity. (2022). Healing through policy: Creating pathways to racial justice. https://www.nationalcollabora-tive.org/healing-through-policy/#:~:text=Healing%20through%20Policy%20is%20using,Separation%2C%20Law%2C%20and%20Economy

National Health Foundation. (2021). Justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion. https://nationalhealthfoundation.org/people-culture/justice-equi-ty-diversity-inclusion/

Ndumbe-Eyoh, S., Muzumdar, P., Betker, C., & Oickle, D. (2021). ‘Back to better’:Aamplifying health equity, and determinants of health perspectives during the COVID-19 pandemic. Global Health Promotion, 17579759211000975.

Lopez-Devine, J. and Stiff, M. (2023).  Equity Where It Matters 1 Topic: Improving Patient Satisfaction Through Dignity, Respect, and Genuine Engagement. NHPCO Project ECHO 2023.  https://www.nhpco.org/wp-content/uploads/NHPCO_Project_ECHO_Equity_Where_It_Matters_2023_Engagement_July_6.pdf

Nickitas, D. M., Emmons, K. R., & Ackerman-Barger, K. (2022). A policy pathway: Nursing’s role in advancing diversity and health equity. Nursing Outlook70(6), S38-S47.

Nundy, S., Cooper, L. A., & Mate, K. S. (2022). The quintuple aim for health care improvement: A new imperative to advance health equity. JAMA327(6), 521-522.

Nweke, N., Isom, J., & Fashaw-Walters, S. (2022). Health equity tourism: Reckoning with medical mistrust. Journal of Medical Systems46(5), 27.

O’Connor, S. & Booth. R. (2022. Algorithmic bias in health care: Opportunities for nurses to improve equality in the age of artificial intelligence. Nursing Outlook, 70(60, 780-782.

Pauly, B., Revai, T., Marcellus, L., Martin, W., Easton, K., & MacDonald, M. (2021). “The health equity curse”: Ethical tensions in promoting health equity. BMC Public Health21, 1-11.

Perlin, J. B., & Lee, T. H. (2022). Health Equity, Environmental Sustainability, Workforce: The Joint Commission’s Three Strategic Priorities. NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery3(5).

Peterson, A., Charles, V., Yeung, D., & Coyle, K. (2021). The health equity framework: A science-and justice-based model for public health researchers and practitioners. Health promotion practice22(6), 741-746.

Pronk, N. P., Kleinman, D. V., & Richmond, T. S. (2021). Healthy People 2030: Moving toward equitable health and well-being in the United States. EClinicalMedicine33.

Quinn, B. L., El Ghaziri, M., & Knight, M. (2019). Incorporating social justice, community partnerships, and student engagement in community health nursing courses. Teaching & Learning in Nursing, 14(3), 183–185.

Racial Equity Tools Website (2020). Racial Equity Tools. (Link).

Guilamo-Ramos, V., Johnson, C., Thimm-Kaiser, M., & Benzekri, A. (2023). Nurse-led approaches to address social determinants of health and advance health equity: A new framework and its implications. Nursing Outlook, 101996.

Ray, R., Lantz, P. M., & Williams, D. (2023). Upstream Policy Changes to Improve Population Health and Health Equity: A Priority Agenda. The Milbank Quarterly101(S1), 20-35.

Reichlin, R., Peltier, M., Raether, E. and Polonsky, S. (2019). Nursing curriculum through a social justice lens: An upstream approach. Public Health Nursing, 36(3), 422-428.

Reid, A., Brandes, R., Butler-MacKay, D., Ortiz, A., Kramer, S., Sivashanker, K., & Mate, K. (2022). Getting Grounded: Building a Foundation for Health Equity and Racial Justice Work in Health Care Teams. NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery3(1).

Rocco, P., & Tuohy, B. (2022). A New Dawn of Bioethics: Advocacy and Social Justice. The American Journal of Bioethics22(1), 23-25.

Rozendo, C. A., Santos Salas, A., & Cameron, B. (2017). A critical review of social and  health inequalities in the nursing curriculum. Nurse Education Today, 50, 62-71.

Rudner, N. (2021). Nursing is a health equity and social justice movement. Public Health Nursing, 38(4), 687-691.

Salmond, S., & Dorsen, C. (2022). Time to reflect and take action on health disparities and health inequities. Orthopedic Nursing41(2), 64.

Salmond, S. W. (2018). Case Study: Integrating Cultural Competence and Health Equity in Nursing Education. In M. Douglas, D.  Pacquiao, & L. Purnell. (Eds). Global Applications of Culturally Competent Health Care: Guidelines for Practice (pp. 315-321). Springer, Cham.

Sanford, K., & Pizzuto, A. E. (2022). The Healthcare Discrimination Experience Scale: Assessing a Variable Crucial for Explaining Racial/Ethnic Inequities in Patient Activation and Health. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 1-11.

Satcher Health Leadership Institute. (2022). The Economic Burden of Mental Health Inequities in the United States Report.  Atlanta, GA: Morehouse College. Link

Shim, R, and Vinson, S, (2021). Social (In) justice and mental health. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association Publishing.

Shahzad, S., Younas, A., & Parveen, A. L. I. (2022). Social justice education in nursing: An integrative review of teaching and learning approaches and students’ and educators’ experiences. Nurse Education Today, 105272.

Shields-Haas, V. (2018). November 5). Nursing school and social justice: A case for inclusion. (Link)

Singh, A. and Salazar, C. (2010). Six considerations for social justice group work. Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 35(3) 308-319.

Skeen, K., & Wall, B. M. (2023). Nursing and eugenics in the early 20th century United States. Nursing Outlook71(5), 102018.

Smith, M. J., Thompson, A., & Upshur, R. E. (2018). Is ‘health equity’bad for our health? A qualitative empirical ethics study of public health policy-makers’ perspectives. Canadian Journal of Public Health109(5), 633-642.

Still, C. H., Flores, D. D., Brooks, J., & Santa Maria, D. (2023). Advancing health equity through nursing research. Nursing Outlook, 102049.

Szymczak, J. E., Fiks, A. G., Craig, S., Mendez, D. D., & Ray, K. N. (2023). Access to what for whom? How care delivery innovations impact health equity. Journal of General Internal Medicine38(5), 1282-1287.

Teitelbaum, J. B., Theiss, J., & Boufides, C. H. (2019). Striving for health equity through medical, public health, and legal collaboration. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics47(2_suppl), 104-107.

The White House. Executive Order on further advancing racial equity and support for underserved communities through the federal government. Updated February 16, 2023. Accessed August 31, 2023. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2023/02/16/executive-order-on-further-advancing-racial-equity-and-support-for-underserved-communities-through-the-federal-government/

Trivedi, B., Mares, A., Mukherjee, D., Harindranathan, P., Hechanova, A., Edwards, B., … & Deoker, A. (2023). Effectiveness of a Social Justice Curriculum Intervention on Cultural Competency among Internal Medicine Residents. Research Square, pp. 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3426316/v1  

Valderama‐Wallace, C. P., & Apesoa‐Varano, E. C. (2020). ‘The Problem of the Color Line’: Faculty approaches to teaching Social Justice in Baccalaureate Nursing Programs. Nursing Inquiry27(3), e12349.

Valderama‐Wallace, C. & Apesoa‐Varano, E. (2019).  “Spinning Their Wheels …”—Influences that shape how nurse educators teach social justice. Policy. Politics & Nursing Practice in Nursing, 20(4), 239-252. 

Valderama‐Wallace, C. & Apesoa‐Varano, E. (2019). “Social justice is a dream”: Tensions and contradictions in nursing education. Public Health Nursing, 36 (5), 735-743.

van der Graaf, R., Browne, J. L., & Baidjoe, A. Y. (2022). Vaccine equity: Past, present, and future. Cell Reports Medicine3(3), 100551.

Velasco, R. A. F., & Reed, S. M. (2023). Nursing, social justice, and health inequities: A critical analysis of the theory of emancipatory nursing praxis. Advances in Nursing Science46(3), 249-264.

Waite, R., Varghese, J., VanRiel, Y., Smith, T., Singletary, G., Shtayermman, O., … & Beard, K. (2023). Promoting health equity with HBCUs: Breaking away from structural racism. Nursing Outlook, 101913.

Wakefield, M., Williams, D. R., & Le Menestrel, S. (2021). The future of nursing 2020-2030: Charting a path to achieve health equity. National Academy of Sciences.

Wasserman, Joan, Richard C. Palmer, Marcia M. Gomez, Rick Berzon, Said A. Ibrahim, and John Z. Ayanian. “Advancing health services research to eliminate health care disparities.” American journal of public health 109, no. S1 (2019): S64-S69.

Welch, V., Dewidar, O., Ghogomu, E. T., Abdisalam, S., Al Ameer, A., Barbeau, V. I., … & Wells, G. A. (2022). How effects on health equity are assessed in systematic reviews of interventions. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (1).

Woolsey, C., & Narruhn, R. A. (2018). A pedagogy of social justice for resilient/vulnerable populations: Structural competency and bio‐power. Public Health Nursing35(6), 587-597.

World Health Organization. Health equity. Accessed August 31, 2023. https://www.who.int/health-topics/health-equity#tab=tab_1

Wright, J. L., Freed, G. L., Hendricks-Muñoz, K. D., Jarvis, J. N., Maldonado, Y. A., Raphael, J. L., … & Coyne-Beasley, T. D. (2022). Achieving equity through science and integrity: Dismantling race-based medicine. Pediatric Research, 1-4.

Zimmerman, F. J. (2019). A robust health equity metric. Public Health175, 68-78.